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Faculty Bio - Anne B. Newman, M.D., M.P.H.
Professor of Epidemiology and Medicine
Director, Center for Aging and Population Health
Department of Epidemiology
University of Pittsburgh
130 N. Bellefield Avenue, Room 531
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Voice: 412-383-1871
http://www.caph.pitt.edu
E-mail: newmana@edc.pitt.edu





Research interests
  • Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology
  • Subclinical atherosclerosis: Associations with aging, disability and frailty
  • Sarcopenia and disability
  • Sleep, Aging, and Chronic Illness, Sleep Apnea and Aging
Research Support
  • Principal Investigator
    • The Long Life Family Study (Families of cohort survivors over 90 - Study Center 2004-2009) NIA
    • The CHS All Stars Study (Exceptional aging: 12 year trajectories to function 2004-2008) NIA
    • The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study (1996-2008) NIA
    • Center for Health Aging (2001-2009) CDC
  • Co-Principal Investigator
    • University of Pittsburgh Clinical Center for the Osteoarthritis Institute (2002-2009) NIAMS
    • Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS 1988-2006) NHLBI
    • Peripheral Nerve Function Decline in an Aged Cohort (2007-2011)
    • Brain Anatomical Correlates of Mobility Control in Oldest Old (2007-2012)
  • Other
    • Pittsburgh Older Americans Independence Center (Core Director) (2004-2009) NIA
    • Training in the Epidemiology of Aging (Director) (2008-2010) NIH/NIA
Education and Training
  • University of Pittsburgh – B.S. Biology, 1978
  • University of Pittsburgh – M.D. Medicine, 1982
  • University of Pittsburgh – M.P.H. Public Health, 1987
  • Presbyterian University Hospital – Internship & Residency, 1982-1985
  • Presbyterian University Hospital – Fellowship Geriatric Medicine, 1985-1987
Selected Publications

  1. Refereed Articles


    1. Goldman SE, Hall M, Boudreau R, Matthews KA, Cauley JA, Ancoli-Israel S, Stone KL, Rubin SM, Satterfield S, Simonsick EM, Newman AB. Association between nighttime sleep and napping in older adults. Sleep. 2008;31(5):733-740. PMCID: PMC2398743.
    2. Goldman SE, Ancoli-Israel S, Boudreau R, Hall M, Cauley JA, Stone K, Harris T, Satterfield S, Newman AB. Sleep problems and associated daytime fatigue in community dwelling older individuals. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008;63A:M1069-M1075.
    3. Brach JS, Kriska A, Glynn N, Newman AB. The Risks and Benefits of Physical Activity in Older Adults. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2008. In Press.
    4. Inzitari M, Naydeck BL, Newman AB. Coronary Artery Calcium and Physical Function in Older Adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008;63A:M1112-M1118.
    5. Punjabi NM, Newman A, Young T, Resnick E, Sanders M. Sleep-disordered Breathing and Cardiovascular Disease: An Outcome-based Definition of Hypopneas. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;177:1150-1155.
    6. Rooks RN, Simonsick EM, Klesges LM, Newman AB, Ayonayon H, Harris TB. Racial Disparities in Health Care Access and Cardiovascular Disease Indicators in Black and White Older Adults in the Health ABC Study. J Aging Health. 2008;20:599-614.
    7. Rifkin DE, Shlipak MG, Katz R, Fried LF, Siscovick D, Chonchol M, Newman AB, Sarnak MJ.Rapid Kidney Function Decline and Mortality Risk in Older Adults. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:2154-2162.
    8. Penninx BWJH, Nicklas BJ, Newman AB, Harris TB, Goodpaster BH, Satterfield S, de Rekeneire N, Yaffe K, Pahor M, Kritchevsky SB, Health ABC Study. Metabolic Syndrome and Physical Decline in Older Persons: Results from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009;64A:M96-M102.
    9. Butler J, Kalogeropoulos A, Georgiopoulou V, Belue R, Rodondi N, Garcia M, Bauer DC, Satterfield S, Smith AL, Vaccarino V, Newman AB, Harris TB, Wilson PWF, Kritchevsky SB, the Health ABC Study. Incident Heart Failure Prediction in the Elderly: The Health ABC Heart Failure Score. Circulation. 2008. In Press.
    10. Brach JS, Talkowski J, Strotmeyer ES, Newman AB. Diabetes Mellitus and Gait Dysfunction: Possible Explanatory Factors. Phys Therapy J. 2008;88:1365-1374.
    11. Peterson MJ, Giuliani C, Morey MC, Pieper CF, Evenson KR, Mercer V, Cohen HJ, Visser M, Brach JS, Kritchevsky SB, Goodpaster BH, Rubin S, Satterfield S, Newman AB, Simonsick EM, The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study Research Group. Physical Activity as a Preventative Factor for Frailty: The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009;64A:M61-M68.
    12. Brach JS, Perera S, Studenski S, Newman AB. The Reliability and Validity of Measures of Gait Variability in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89:2293-2296.
    13. Jiang R, Burke GL, Enright PL, Newman AB, Margolis HG, Cushman M, Tracy RP, Wang Y, Kronmal RA, Barr RG. Inflammatory Markers and Longitudinal Lung Function Decline in the Elderly. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;168:602-610.
    14. Strotmeyer ES, de Rekeneire N, Schwartz AV, Faulkner KA, Resnick HE, Goodpaster BH, Shorr RI, Vinik AI, Harris TB, Newman AB. The relationship of reduced peripheral nerve function and diabetes to physical performance in older white and black adults: the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:1767-1772.
    15. Vogelzangs N, Kritchevsky SB, Beekman ATF, Newman AB, Satterfield S, Simonsick EM, Yaffe K, Harris TB, Penninx BWJH, the Health ABC Study. Depressive Symptoms and Change in Abdominal Obesity Among Older Persons. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008;65:1386-1393.
    16. Delmonico MJ, Zmuda JM, Taylor BC, Cauley JA, Harris TB, Manini T, Schwartz A, Li R, Roth SM, Hurley BF, Ferrell RE, Newman AB, for the Health ABC and MrOS Studies. Association of the ACTN3 Genotype and Physical Functioning with Age in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008;63A:M1227-M1234.
    17. Spencer SM, Schulz R, Rooks RN, Albert SM, Thorpe RJ Jr., Brenes GA, Harris TB, Koster A, Satterfield S, Ayonayon HN, Newman AB, for the Health ABC Study. Racial Differences in Self-Rated Health at Similar Levels of Physical Functioning: An Examination of Health Pessimism in The Health, Aging And Body Composition Study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2009;64B:S87-S94.
    18. Unruh ML, Sanders MH, Redline S, Piraino BM, Umans JG, Chami H, Budhiraja R, Punjabi NM, Buysse D, Newman AB. Subjective and Objective Sleep Quality in Patients on Conventional Thrice-Weekly Hemodialysis: Comparison with Matched Controls from the Sleep Hearth Health Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 52:305-313. PMID: 18617308.
    19. Rosano C, Sigurdsson S, Siggeirsdottir K, Phillips CL, Garcia M, Jonsson PV, Eiriksdottir G, Newman AB, Harris TB, van Buchem MA, Gudnason V, Launer LJ. Magnetization Transfer Imaging, White Matter Hyperintensities, Brain Atrophy and Slower Gait in Older Men and Women. Neurobiol Aging. 2008. In Press.
    20. Ankle Brachial Index Collaboration, Fowkes FG, Murray GD, Butcher I, Heald CL, Lee RJ, Chambless LE, Folsom AR, Hirsch AT, Dramaix M, deBacker G, Wautrecht JC, Kornitzer M, Newman AB, Cushman M, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Fowkes FG, Lee AJ, Price JF, d'Agostino RB, Murabito JM, Norman PE, Jamrozik K, Curb JD, Masaki KH, Rodríguez BL, Dekker JM, Bouter LM, Heine RJ, Nijpels G, Stehouwer CD, Ferrucci L, McDermott MM, Stoffers HE, Hooi JD, Knottnerus JA, Ogren M, Hedblad B, Witteman JC, Breteler MM, Hunink MG, Hofman A, Criqui MH, Langer RD, Fronek A, Hiatt WR, Hamman R, Resnick HE, Guralnik J, McDermott MM. Ankle Brachial Index Combined with Framingham Risk Score to Predict Cardiovascular Events and Mortality: A Meta-Analysis. JAMA. 2008;300:197-208. PMID: 18612117.
    21. Brach JS,Solomonon C, Naydeck BL, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Enright PL, Jenny NS, Chaves PM, Newman AB, Cardiovascular Health Study Research Group. Incident Physical Disability in People with Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease: The Role of Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56:1037-1044.
    22. Rodondi N, Bauer DC, Cappola AR, Cornuz J, Robbins J, Fried LP, Ladenson PW, Vittinghoff E, Gottdiener JS, Newman AB. Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction, Cardiac Function, and the Risk of Heart Failure: The Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52:1152-1159.
    23. Inzitari M, Studenski S, Rosano C, Zakai NA, Longstreth WT Jr., Cushman M, Newman AB. Anemia is Associated with the Progression of White Matter Disease in Older Adults with High Blood Pressure: The Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56:1867-1872.
    24. Unruh ML, Redline S, An MW, Buysse DJ, Nieto FJ, Yeh JL, Newman AB. Subjective and Objective Sleep Quality and Aging in the Sleep Heart Health Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56:1218-1227.
    25. Unruh ML, Newman AB, Larive B, Amanda Dew M, Miskulin DC, Greene T, Beddhu S, Rocco MV, Kusek JW, Meyer KB; the Hemodialysis Study Group. The Influence of Age on Changes in Health-Related Quality of Life over Three Years in a Cohort Undergoing Hemodialysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56:1608-1617.
    26. Cauley JA, Lui LY, Barnes D, Ensrud KE, Zmuda JM, Hillier TA, Hochberg MC, Schwartz AV, Yaffe K, Cummings SR, Newman AB. Successful Skeletal Aging: A Marker of Low Fracture Risk and Longevity. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF). J Bone Miner Res. 2009;24:134-143.
    27. Rosano C, Newman AB, Katz R, Hirsch CH, Kuller LH. Association Between Lower Digit Symbol Substitution Test Score and Slower Gait and Greater Risk of Mortality and of Developing Incident Disability in Well-Functioning Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56:1618-1625. PMCID: 2631090.
    28. Madero M, Wassel CL,Peralta CA, Najjar S, Tyrrell-Sutton K, Fried L, Canada R, Newman A, Shlipak M, Sarnak M; the Health ABC Study. Cystatin VC Associates with Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;20:1086-1093.
    29. Hsu FC, Kritchevsky SB, Liu Y, Kanaya A, Newman AB, Perry SE, Visser M, Pahor M, Harris TB, Nicklas BJ; for the Health ABC Study. Association Between Inflammatory Components and Physical Function in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study: A Principal Component Analysis Approach. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009;64A:M581-M589.
    30. Cesari M, Kritchevsky SB, Newman AB, Simonsick EM, Harris TB, Penninx BW, Brach JS, Tylavsky FA, Satterfield S, Bauer DC, Rubin SM, Visser M, Pahor M; Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Added Value of Physical Performance Measures in Predicting Adverse Health-Related Events: Results from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57:251-259.
    31. Wright RM, Roumani YF, Boudreau R, Newman AB, Ruby CM, Studenski SA, Shorr RI, Bauer DC, Simonsick EM, Hilmer SN, Hanlon JT; Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Effect of central nervous system medication use on decline in cognition in community-dwelling older adults: findings from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57:243-250.
    32. Simonsick EM, Newman AB, Visser M, Goodpaster B, Kritchevsky SB, Rubin S, Nevitt MC, Harris TB, the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Mobility Limitation in Self-Described Well-Functioning Older Adults: Importance of Endurance Walk Testing. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008;63A:M841-M847.
    33. Beasley LE, Koster A, Newman AB, Javaid MK, Ferrucci L, Kritchevsky SB, Kuller LH, Pahor M, Schaap LA, Visser M, Rubin SM, Goodpaster BH, Harris TB, The Health ABC Study. Inflammation and Race and Gender Differences in Computerized Tomography-Measured Adipose Depots. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009;17:1062-1069.
    34. Catov JM, Newman AB, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Harris TB, Tylavsky F, Visser M, Ayonayon HN, Ness RB, the Health ABC Study. Parity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk among Older Women: How Do Pregnancy Complications Mediate the Association? Ann Epidemiol. 2008;18:873-879.
    35. Yaffe K, Fiocco AJ, Lindquist K, Vittinghoff E, Simonsick EM, Newman AB, Satterfield S, Rosano C, Rubin SM, Ayonayon HN, Harris TB, the Health ABC Study. Predictors of Maintaining Cognitive Function in Older Adults: The Health ABC Study. Neurology. 2009. In Press.
    36. Manini TM, Everhart JE, Patel KV, Schoeller DA, Cummings S, Mackey DC, Bauer DC, Simonsick EM, Colbert LH, Visser M, Tylavsky F, Newman AB, Harris TB, the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Activity Energy Expenditure and Mobility Limitation in Older Adults: Differential Associations by Sex. Am J Epidemiol. 2009. In Press.
    37. Arnold AM, Newman AB, Cushman M, Ding J, Kritchevsky S. Body Weight Dynamics and Their Association with Physical Function and Mortality in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009. In Press.
    38. Fried LF, Katz R, Cushman M, Sarnak M, Shlipak MG, Kuller L, Newman AB. Change in Cardiovascular Risk Factors with Progression of Kidney Disease. Am J Nephrol. 2008;29:334-341.
    39. Goodpaster BH, Chomentowski P, Ward BK, Rossi A, Glynn NW, Delmonico MJ, Kritchevsky SB, Pahor M, Newman AB. Effects of Physical Activity on Strength and Skeletal Muscle Fat Infiltratin in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Appl Physiol. 2008;105:1498-1503.
    40. Foster GD, Sanders MH, Millman R, Zammit G, Borradaile KE, Newman AB, Wadden TA, Kelley D, Wing RR, Pi Sunyer RX, Darcey V, Kuna ST, the Sleep AHEAD Research Group. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:1017-1019.
    41. O'Connor GT, Caffo B, Newman AB, Quan SF, Rapoport DM, Redline S, Resnick HE, Samet J, Shahar E. Prospective Study of Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Hypertension: The Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;179:1159-1164.
    42. Williamson JD, Espeland M, Kritchevsky SB, Newman AB, King AC, Pahor M, Guralnik JM, Pruitt LA, Miller ME, for the LIFE Study Investigators. Changes in Cognitive Function in a Randomized Trial of Physical Activity: Results of the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Pilot Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009;64A:M688-M694.
    43. Hanlon JT, Boudreau RM, Roumani YF, Newman AB, Ruby CM, Wright RM, Hilmer SN, Shorr RI, Bauer DC, Simonsick EM, Studenski SA, the Health ABC Study. Number and Dosage of Central Nervous System Medications on Recurrent Falls in Community Elders: The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009;64A:M492-M498.
    44. Newman AB, Arnold AM, Sachs MC, Ives DG, Cushman M, Strotmeyer ES, Ding J, Kritchevsky SB, Chaves PH, Fried LP, Robbins J. Long-Term Function in and Older Cohort - The Cardiovascular Health Study All Stars Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57:432-440. NIHMSID # 102103.
    45. Rosano C, Aizenstein H, Brach J, Longenberger A, Studenski S, Newman AB. Special Article: Gait Measures Indicate Underlying Focal Gray Matter Atrophy in the Brain of Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008;63A:M1380-M1388. PMCID: PMC2648808.
    46. Hiatt WR, Goldstone J, Smith SC Jr, McDermott M, Moneta G, Oka R, Newman AB, Pearce WH; American Heart Association Writing Group 1. Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Symposium II: nomenclature for vascular diseases. Circulation. 2008;118:2826-2829.
    47. Talkowski JB, Brach JS, Studenski S, Newman AB. Impact of Health Perception, Balance Perception, Fall History, Balance Performance, and Gait Speed on Walking Activity in Older Adults. Phys Ther. 2008;88:1474-1481.
    48. Lee JS, Visser M, Tylavsky FA, Kritchevsky SB, Schwartz AV, Sahyoun N, Harris TB, Newman AB; for the Health ABC Study. Weight Loss and Regain and Effects on Body Composition: The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009. In Press.
    49. Newman AB, Ferrucci L. Call for Papers: Aging Versus Disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009. In Press.
    50. Thompson LR, Boudreau R, Hannon MJ, Newman AB, Chu CR, Jansen M, Nevitt MC, Know CK; Osteoarthritis Initiative Investigators. The knee pain map: reliability of a method to identify knee pain location and pattern. Arthritis Rheum. 200961:725-731.
    51. Endeshaw YW, Unruh ML, Kutner M, Newman AB, Bliwise DL. Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Frailty in the Cardiovascular Health Study cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 2009. In Press.
    52. Njajou OT, Hsueh WC, Blackburn EH, Newman AB, Wu SH, Li R, Simonsick EM, Harris TB, Cummings SR, Cawthorn RM; for the Health ABC study. Association between Telomere Length, Specific Causes of Death, and Years of Healthy Life in Health, Aging and Body Composition, a Population-Based Cohort Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009. In Press.
    53. Butler J, Kalogeropoulos A, Georgiopoulou V, de Rekeneire N, Rodondi N, Smith AL, Hoffmann U, Kanaya A, Newman AB, Kritchevsky SB, Vasan RS, Wilson PW, Harris TB; for the Health ABC Study. Serum Resistin Concentrations and Risk of New Onset Heart Failure in Older Persons: The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009. In Press.
    54. Maraldi C, Harris T, Newman AB, Kritchevsky SB, Pahor M, Koster A; Satterfield S, Ayonayon H, Fellin R, Volpato S; for the Health ABC study. Moderate alcohol consumption and risk of functional decline: is there a causal relationship? The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009. In Press.
    55. Scherer M, Nalls MA, Pawlikowska L., Ziv E, Mitchell G, Huntsman S, Hu D, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Lakatta E, Hsueh W, Newman AB, Tandon A, Kim L, Kwok P, Sung A, Li R, Patterson N, Reich D, Reiner AP, Harris T. Admixture mapping of ankle-arm index: identification of candidate locus associated with peripheral arterial disease. J Med Genet. 2009. In Press.
    56. Newman AB, Sachs MC, Arnold AM, Fried LP, Kronmal R, Cushman M, Psaty BM, Harris TB, Robbins JA, Burke GL, Kuller LH, Lumley T. Total and cause specific mortality in the Cardiovascular Health Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009. In Press.
    57. Newman AB, Bayles CM, Milas CN, McTigue K, Williams K, Robare JF, Taylor CA, Albert SM, Kuller LH. The 10 Keys to Healthy Aging: Findings from an innovative prevention program in the community. J Aging Health. 2009. In Press.
    58. Strotmeyer ES, de Rekeneire N, Schwartz AV, Resnick HE, Goodpaster BH, Faulkner KA, Shorr RI, Vinik AI, Harris TB, Newman AB; for the Health ABC Study. Sensory and Motor Peripheral Nerve Function and Lower-Extremity Quadriceps Strength: The Health ABC Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009. In Press.
    59. Boudreau RM, Hanlon JT, Roumani YF, Studenski SA, Ruby CM, Wright RM, Hilmer SN, Shorr RI, Bauer DC, Simonsick EM, Newman AB. Central Nervous System Medication Use and Mobility Limitation in Community Elders. The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Safety. 2009. In Press.
    60. Arnold AM, Newman AB, Dermond N, Haan M, Fitzpatrick A. Using Telephone and Informant Assessments to Estimate Missing Modified Mini-Mental State Exam Scores and Rates of Cognitive Decline The Cardiovascular Health Study. Neuroepidemiol. 2009;33:55-65.
    61. Ness RB, Andrews EB, Gaudino JA, Newman AB, Soskolne CL, Stürmer T, Wartenberg D, Weiss SH. The Future of Epidemiology, 2009. Acad Med. 2009. In Press.
    62. Kalogeropoulos A, Georgiopoulou V, Harris TB, Kritchevsky SB, Bauer DC, Smith AL, Strotmeyer E, Newman AB, Wilson PWF, Psaty BM, Butler J; for the Health ABC Study. Glycemic Status and Incident Heart Failure in Elderly Without History of Diabetes Mellitus: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. J Cardiac Failure, 2009. In Press.
    63. Sanders J, Cauley J, Boudreau RM, Zmuda J, Strotmeyer ES, Opresko P, Hsueh WC, Cawthorn R, Li R, Harris T, Kritchevsky S, Newman AB; for the Health ABC Study. Leukocyte Telomere Length is not Associated with Bone Mineral Density, Osteoporosis, or Fracture in Older Adults: Results from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. J Bone Miner Res. In Press.
    64. Poehls J, Wassel CL, Harris TB, Havel PJ, Swarbrick MM, Cummings SR, Newman AB, Satterfield S, Kanaya AM. Association of Adiponectin with Mortality in Older Adults: The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Diabetologia. 2009. In Press.
    65. Hu D, Pawlikowska L, Kanaya A, Hsueh W-C, Colbert L, Newman AB, Satterfield S, Rosen C, Cummings S, Harris TB, Ziv E.Serum IGF-1 binding proteins 1 and 2 and mortality in older adults: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009. In Press.
    66. Vogelzangs N, Kritchevsky SB, Beekman ATF, Brenes GA, Newman AB, Satterfield S, Yaffe K, Harris TB, Penninx BWJH; for the Health ABC study.Obesity and Onset of Significant Depressive symptoms: Results from a community-based cohort of older men and women. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009. In Press.
    67. Shlipak MG, Katz R, Kestenbaum B, Fried LF, Newman AB, Siscovick DS, Stevens L, Sarnak MJ, Rate of Kidney Function Decline in Older Adults: A Comparison Using Creatinine and Cystatin C. Am J Nephrol. 2009;30:171-178.